1. Mocheso: Mocheso ke tekanyo ea hore na ntho e chesa kapa e bata hakae.
Ho na le diyuniti tse tharo tsa mocheso tse sebediswang haholo (dikala tsa mocheso): Celsius, Fahrenheit, le mocheso o feletseng.
Mocheso oa Celsius (t, ℃): mocheso oo re o sebelisang hangata. Mocheso o lekanngoa ka thermometer ea Celsius.
Fahrenheit (F, ℉): Thempereichara e sebelisoang haholo linaheng tsa Europe le Amerika.
phetoho ea mocheso:
F (°F) = 9/5 * t(°C) +32 (Fumana mocheso ka Fahrenheit ho tloha mochesong o tsejoang ka Celsius)
t (°C) = [F (°F)-32] * 5/9 (Fumana mocheso ka Celsius ho tloha mochesong o tsejoang ka Fahrenheit)
Sekala sa mocheso o feletseng (T, ºK): se sebediswa ka kakaretso dipalong tsa thuto.
Sekala sa mocheso o feletseng le phetoho ea mocheso oa Celsius:
T (ºK) = t (°C) +273 (Fumana mocheso o felletseng ho tsoa mochesong o tsejoang ka Celsius)
2. Kgatelelo (P): Ha ho sehatsetsi, kgatelelo ke matla a otlolohileng sebakeng sa yuniti, ke hore, kgatelelo, eo hangata e lekanngwang ka tekanyo ya kgatelelo le tekanyo ya kgatelelo.
Diyuniti tse tloaelehileng tsa khatello ke:
Mpa (megapascal);
Kpa (kPa);
bare (bara);
kgf/cm2 (matla a dikilogerama tse sekwere tsa sentimetara);
atm (khatello e tloaelehileng ea sepakapaka);
mmHg (limilimithara tsa mercury).
Kamano ea phetoho:
1Mpa=10bar=1000Kpa =7500.6 mmHg = 10.197 kgf/cm2
1atm=760mmHg=1.01326bar =0.101326Mpa
E sebelisoa ka kakaretso boenjiniere:
1bar = 0.1Mpa ≈1 kgf/cm2 ≈ 1atm = 760 mmHg
Litlhaloso tse 'maloa tsa khatello:
Kgatelelo e felletseng (Pj): Ka setshelong, kgatelelo e sebediswang leboteng le ka hare la setshelo ka motsamao wa mocheso wa dimolek'hule. Kgatelelo e tafoleng ya thepa ya thermodynamic ya sehatsetsing hangata ke kgatelelo e felletseng.
Kgatelelo ya gauge (Pb): Kgatelelo e lekanyetswang ka gauge ya kgatelelo tsamaisong ya sehatsetsi. Kgatelelo ya gauge ke phapang pakeng tsa kgatelelo ya kgase ka hara setshelo le kgatelelo ya sepakapaka. Ka kakaretso ho dumelwa hore kgatelelo ya gauge hammoho le 1bar, kapa 0.1Mpa, ke kgatelelo e feletseng.
Tekanyo ea vacuum (H): Ha khatello ea gauge e le mpe, nka boleng ba eona bo felletseng 'me u bo hlahise ka tekanyo ea vacuum.
3. Tafole ea thepa ea thermodynamic ea sehatsetsing: Tafole ea thepa ea thermodynamic ea sehatsetsing e thathamisa mocheso (mocheso oa ho tlala) le khatello (khatello ea ho tlala) le liparamente tse ling tsa sehatsetsing boemong ba ho tlala. Ho na le kamano ea motho ka mong pakeng tsa mocheso le khatello ea sehatsetsing boemong ba ho tlala.
Ka kakaretso ho dumelwa hore sehatsetsi se ka hara evaporator, condenser, karohano ya khase-metsi, le barrel e potolohang e nang le kgatello e tlase se boemong ba ho tlala. Mouoane (metsi) boemong ba ho tlala o bitswa mouoane o tlala (metsi), mme mocheso le kgatello tse tsamaellanang di bitswa mocheso wa ho tlala le kgatello ya ho tlala.
Tsamaisong ea sehatsetsi, bakeng sa sehatsetsi, mocheso oa sona oa ho tlala le khatello ea ho tlala li tsamaellana ka bonngoe. Ha mocheso oa ho tlala o phahame, khatello ea ho tlala e phahame.
Ho fetoha ha mouoane ha sehatsetsi ka har'a evaporator le ho fetoha ha mouoane ka har'a condenser ho etsoa boemong bo tletseng, kahoo mocheso oa mouoane le khatello ea mouoane, le mocheso oa mouoane le khatello ea mouoane le tsona li tsamaisana ka bonngoe. Kamano e tsamaellanang e ka fumanoa tafoleng ea litšobotsi tsa thermodynamic tsa refrigerant.
4. Tafole ea papiso ea mocheso le khatello ea sehatsetsing:
5. Mouoane o chesang haholo le mokelikeli o pholileng haholo: Tlas'a khatello e itseng, mocheso oa mouoane o phahame ho feta mocheso o satiang tlas'a khatello e tsamaellanang, e bitsoang mouoane o chesang haholo. Tlas'a khatello e itseng, mocheso oa mokelikeli o tlase ho feta mocheso o satiang tlas'a khatello e tsamaellanang, e bitsoang mokelikeli o pholileng haholo.
Boleng boo mocheso oa ho hula o fetang mocheso oa ho sata bo bitsoa suction superheat. Tekanyo ea suction superheat hangata e hlokahala hore e laoloe ho 5 ho isa ho 10 °C.
Boleng ba mocheso oa mokelikeli o ka tlase ho mocheso oa saturation bo bitsoa tekanyo ea ho pholisa metsi. Hangata ho pholisa metsi ho etsahala tlase ho condenser, ka har'a economizer, le ka har'a intercooler. Ho pholisa metsi ka pele ho valve ea throttle ho molemo ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ho pholisa.
6. Mouoane, ho monya, ho ntša mosi, khatello le mocheso oa condensation
Kgatelelo ya ho fetoha mouoane (mocheso): Kgatelelo (mocheso) ya sehatsetsi ka hare ho sehatsetsi. Kgatelelo ya ho fetoha mouoane (mocheso): Kgatelelo (mocheso) ya sehatsetsi ka hare ho sehatsetsi.
Kgatelelo ya ho hula (mocheso): Kgatelelo (mocheso) koung ya ho hula ya compressor. Kgatelelo ya ho ntsha metsi (mocheso): Kgatelelo (mocheso) koung ya ho ntsha metsi ya compressor.
7. Phapang ea mocheso: phapang ea mocheso oa phetisetso ea mocheso: e bolela phapang ea mocheso pakeng tsa maro a mabeli mahlakoreng ka bobeli a lebota la phetisetso ea mocheso. Phapang ea mocheso ke matla a susumetsang phetisetso ea mocheso.
Mohlala, ho na le phapang pakeng tsa mocheso le sehatsetsing; sehatsetsing le metsi a letsoai; sehatsetsing le moea oa polokelo. Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha phapang pakeng tsa mocheso oa phetisetso ea mocheso, mocheso oa ntho e lokelang ho pholisoa o phahame ho feta mocheso oa mouoane; mocheso oa condensation o phahame ho feta mocheso oa setsi se pholisang sa condenser.
8. Mongobo: Mongobo o bolela mongobo oa moea. Mongobo ke ntlha e amang phetiso ea mocheso.
Ho na le litsela tse tharo tsa ho hlahisa mongobo:
Mongobo o felletseng (Z): Boima ba mouoane oa metsi ka mithara ea li-cubic ea moea.
Mongobo (d): Bongata ba mouoane oa metsi o ka har'a k'hilograma e le 'ngoe ea moea o omileng (g).
Mongobo o amanang (φ): E bontša hore na mongobo o felletseng oa moea o haufi hakae le mongobo o felletseng o tletseng.
Mochesong o itseng, moea o itseng o ka tšoara mouoane o itseng feela. Haeba moeli ona o feta, mouoane o feteletseng oa metsi o tla fetoha moholi. Mocheso ona o itseng o itseng o bitsoa mongobo o tletseng. Tlas'a mongobo o tletseng, ho na le mongobo o felletseng o tletseng o lekanang le ZB, o fetohang ka mocheso oa moea.
Mochesong o itseng, ha mongobo oa moea o fihla mongobong o teteaneng, o bitsoa moea o teteaneng, 'me ha o sa khona ho amohela mouoane o mong oa metsi; moea o ka tsoelang pele ho amohela mouoane o itseng oa metsi o bitsoa moea o sa koahetsoeng.
Mongobo o amanang ke karolelano ea mongobo o felletseng Z oa moea o sa koaheloang ho mongobo o felletseng ZB oa moea o koaheloang. φ=Z/ZB×100%. E sebelise ho bontša hore na mongobo o felletseng o haufi hakae le mongobo o felletseng o koahetsoeng.
Nako ea poso: Hlakubele-08-2022
